Prime Minister Scott Morrison has claimed that only two countries provide free rapid antigen COVID-19 tests to citizens.
The prime minister's claim is mostly false. At least six countries currently offer universal or near-universal access to free rapid antigen tests (RATs) at a national level.
However, AAP FactCheck has only identified one country, the UK, that was offering universal RATs for home use at the time of writing, while two others, Singapore and the Netherlands, have previously done so. Some regional and city governments also offer free RATs to residents.
Speaking to journalists1 in Canberra on January 5, Mr Morrison was asked if he had ruled out making RATs free for all Australians "like they are in other countries". The prime minister replied: "Well, that is only true in two countries that I'm aware of."
After a journalist suggested there were "three as well as New Zealand", Mr Morrison went on to say: "There's the United Kingdom, and they are having very significant problems in the supply of those tests … Singapore is a much smaller country than Australia, as is New Zealand."
The prime minister's office did not respond to a request from AAP FactCheck for clarification about which two countries Mr Morrison was referring to in his initial answer.
As of 11 January, United Kingdom2 residents could order a free pack of seven RATs online for home delivery. Each household was entitled to order one pack per day or, alternatively, anybody in the UK could pick up a maximum of two boxes of seven tests per day from pharmacies and community hubs such as libraries.
In November 2021, the UK government said3 the free test scheme would end "at a later stage" but has reportedly since decided4 to continue providing universal free RATs due to the sharp rise in Omicron cases.
Singapore5 has previously sent all households a small supply of free RATs, delivering six tests to each household in mid-2021 before sending out another 10 tests between October and December 2021. Likewise, in August last year, the Netherlands6 offered two free RATs to all households. These could be ordered online for home delivery.
The United States is set to follow the UK, Singapore and the Netherlands in providing home-delivered tests, announcing plans to send out as many as 500 million free tests7 across the country from January.
AAP FactCheck is not aware of any other countries providing universal free RATs for home use at a national level at the time of writing. However, at least five countries currently offer free rapid tests administered on-site at pharmacies or testing centres.
Some research8 has suggested rapid testing to be considerably more accurate when done by trained health workers and lab scientists compared to self-trained members of the public.
In Austria9, residents have access to free RATs at around 900 pharmacies throughout the country. Austrians additionally have access10 to free PCR "gargle" mouthwash tests11, which can be collected from testing centres for home use but need to be dropped off at a collection point for processing.
In Germany12 and Denmark13, RATs are offered for free at drop-in test centres while Portugal14 offers free on-site testing at pharmacies and test labs, limited to a maximum of four tests per month. In Switzerland15, residents can take free rapid tests at pharmacies, testing centres, medical centres and hospitals.
Some other nations provide free RATs but only for specific groups of individuals. France16, for example, provides free on-site rapid tests to fully-vaccinated close contacts of infected individuals, home carers and care workers. New Zealand17 only offers free RATs to asymptomatic domestic travellers who have not been vaccinated. Denmark18 and the Netherlands19 are offering free home test kits to school students and teachers.
In Thailand, where limited RATs have already been provided for free to at-risk groups20, the government has launched a campaign to randomly test public transport passengers21 before they embark on their journey.
In some other countries, RATs are being provided to residents by regional or city governments.
In Canada22, for example, provinces including Ontario23, Quebec24 and Saskatchewan25 provide universal free rapid antigen tests for home use, while Prince Edward Island26 offers free self-testing kits to residents in areas with limited access to testing clinics and households with children too young to be vaccinated. The Canadian government additionally offers free rapid tests to companies with 200 or more employees27.
Other cities or regional governments providing residents with free RATs in various settings include Tokyo28, Madrid29 and the Estonian capital of Tallinn30. Some US states31 already supplied free RATs for at-home use before the country's national distribution program.
On January 5, Mr Morrison announced32 that Australian concession card-holders would be provided with up to 10 tests each over a three-month period via pharmacies. PCR tests will continue to be provided for free33.
While only one country, the United Kingdom, was offering free nationwide tests for home use, other countries previously distributed tests to households and the United States has plans to provide widespread free at-home tests. At least five countries currently offer free on-site rapid tests to residents at various locations, while some city and regional governments also have free rapid test programs.
Mostly False – The claim is mostly inaccurate but includes minor elements of truth.
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